Survey Questionnaire Indices
Development of NAEP Survey Questionnaire Indices
As part of the NAEP TEL assessment, survey questionnaires are given to students and school administrators. These questionnaires collect contextual information to provide a better understanding of educational experiences and factors that are related to students’ learning both in and outside of the classroom and to allow for meaningful student group comparisons.
While some survey questions are analyzed and reported individually (for example, number of books in students’ homes), several questions on the same topic are combined into an index measuring a single underlying construct or concept. The creation of 2018 indices involved the following four main steps:
- Selection of constructs of interest. The selection of constructs of interest to be measured through the survey questionnaires was guided in part by the National Assessment Governing Board framework for collection and reporting of contextual information. In addition, NCES reviewed relevant literature on key contextual factors linked to student achievement in TEL to identify the types of survey questions and constructs needed to examine these factors in the NAEP assessment.
- Question development. Survey questions were drafted, reviewed, and revised. Throughout the development process, the survey questions were reviewed by external advisory groups that included survey experts, subject-area experts, teachers, educational researchers, and statisticians. As noted above, some questions were drafted and revised with the intent of analyzing and reporting them individually; others were drafted and revised with the intent of combining them into indices measuring constructs of interest.
- Evaluation of questions. New and revised survey questions underwent pilot testing, whereby a small sample of participants (students, teachers, and school administrators) is interviewed to identify potential issues with their understanding of the questions and their ability to provide reliable and valid responses. Some questions were dropped or further revised based on the pilot test results. The overall distribution of responses was examined to evaluate whether participants were answering the questions as expected. Relationships between survey responses and student performance were also examined. A method known as factor analysis was used to examine the empirical relationships among questions to be included in the indices measuring constructs of interest. Factor analysis can show, based on relationships among responses to the questions, how strongly the questions “group together†as a measure of the same constructs.
- Index scoring. Using the item response theory (IRT) partial credit scaling model, index scores were estimated from students’ responses and transformed onto a scale which ranged from 0–20.
About the TEL Assessment
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Technology and Engineering Literacy (TEL) assessment at grade 8 is a completely digitally based assessment that includes interactive scenario-based tasks and selected-response questions that measure TEL concepts and skills. To allow students to demonstrate the wide range of knowledge and skills detailed in the three TEL assessment areas and three practices, they are asked to perform a variety of problem-solving tasks based on interactive scenarios reflecting realistic solutions. Results are reported for the nation overall.