Student Group Scores

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Percentile Scores by Student Groups

Scores higher at the 25th and 75th percentiles for Black, Hispanic, and White students compared to 1978

The 2022 mathematics scores at the 25th and 75th percentiles for 9-year-old Black, Hispanic, and White students were higher compared to 1978 scores. Mathematics scores at these selected percentiles were also higher in 2022 than in 1978 for 9-year-old male and female students, and for students below and at the grade typical for their age (fourth grade).

In comparison to 2020, scores at the 25th and 75th percentiles were lower in 2022 for 9-year-old Black, Hispanic, and White students, male and female students, and students at the grade typical for their age (fourth grade). 

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Demographic Trends

Demographic changes in student populations

The demographic makeup of the United States' student population has changed compared to 1978. The proportion of Hispanic 9-year-old students increased from 5 percent in 1978 to 29 percent in 2022, while the proportion of White 9-year-old students decreased from 79 percent to 46 percent over the same time period. Another notable change is that a higher percentage of 9-year-olds are now in a grade lower than the one typical for their age: 26 percent of 9-year-olds were in a grade lower than fourth grade in 1978, whereas 38 percent of 9-year-old students were in a grade below fourth in 2022. The proportion of 9-year-olds at grade 4 has decreased from 73 percent to 61 percent over the same time period. In comparison to 2020, there was no statistically significant change in either the percentage of 9-year-olds in a grade below fourth grade or in the percentage of 9-year-olds attending fourth grade.

Select a student group from the drop-down menu to view changes in the percentage distribution for that group over time.

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