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About the Assessment: Inclusion Rates

NAEP endeavors to include as many sampled students as possible in the assessment, including students with disabilities (SD) and English language learners (ELL), and has established specific inclusion goals: 95 percent of all sampled students and 85 percent of sampled students identified as SD or ELL. Inclusion rates were computed for each state/jurisdiction participating in the 2011 assessment and compared to NAEP inclusion goals. Three inclusion percentages were computed for each state/jurisdiction. An overall inclusion percentage represents included students as a percentage of all students sampled within the state/jurisdiction. In addition, separate percentages were computed to signify included students as a percentage of the state/jurisdiction sample that was identified as SD or ELL.

Inclusion percentages are sample estimates that are associated with a measure of uncertainty or margin of error. Confidence intervals quantify this uncertainty due to sampling, resulting in interval estimates of the inclusion percentages. Therefore, methods appropriate for constructing confidence intervals for percentages were used to determine upper and lower confidence bounds around the inclusion point estimates.

When determining whether each state/jurisdiction met the NAEP inclusion goals, the confidence intervals were used, rather than just the point estimates. In other words, if the inclusion goal, whether 95 percent or 85 percent, fell within the corresponding confidence interval, the state/jurisdiction was considered as having met the goal. Therefore, states/jurisdictions for which the upper bound of the confidence interval was less than 95 percent did not meet the overall inclusion goal.

Read more about the NAEP inclusion policy, including exclusion rates from current and previous assessments in all subject areas.

National and State
District
Inclusion rate and standard error in NAEP reading for fourth- and eighth-grade public and nonpublic school students with disabilities (SD) and English language learners (ELL), as a percentage of identified SD or ELL students, by state/jurisdiction: 2011
  Percentage of identified students
  Grade 4 Grade 8
State/Jurisdiction SD S.E. ELL S.E. SD S.E. ELL S.E.
       Nation 77   0.5 89 1 0.6 76   0.5 86 1 0.8
       Nation (public) 77   0.5 89 1 0.7 76 0.5 86 1 0.8
Alabama 77 3.5 95 1 3.4 82 1 2.9 ǂ †
Alaska 92 1 1.4 92 1 1.5 88 1 1.7 96 1 1.1
Arizona 88 1 2.2 99 1 0.6 89 1 2.2 ǂ †
Arkansas 89 1 1.5 98 1 0.9 87 1 2.1 97 1 1.6
California 80 1 3.3 96 1 0.8 78 3.3 95 1 1.1
Colorado 89 1 1.8 98 1 0.7 87 1 2.1 92 1 2.2
Connecticut 88 1 2.0 84 1 4.8 87 1 2.4 77 1 5.9
Delaware 60 2.6 63 4.4 67 2.2 ǂ †
Florida 89 1 1.5 92 1 1.5 87 1 1.9 83 1 2.8
Georgia 54   3.4 69   7.3 62   3.1 60   8.9
Hawaii 87 1 2.1 89 1 2.4 93 1 1.6 84 1 1.9
Idaho 84 1 2.5 94 1 2.4 82 1 3.0 87 1 2.7
Illinois 91 1 1.6 92 1 2.3 90 1 1.6 91 1 2.7
Indiana 93 1 1.2 98 1 0.8 86 1 2.2 90 1 3.7
Iowa 93 1 1.6 98 1 1.1 95 1 1.1 99 1 0.9
Kansas 87 1 1.5 94 1 1.6 84 1 2.6 98 1 1.4
Kentucky 45 2.3 37 5.2 39 2.6 59 6.7
Louisiana 89 1 1.9 100 1 0.0 92 1 1.9 ǂ †
Maine 91 1 1.2 98 1 1.6 90 1 1.5 ǂ †
Maryland 31   2.2 52   4.3 30   3.3 45   6.6
Massachusetts 71 2.6 82 1 3.2 69 2.9 70 4.8
Michigan 75 3.1 93 1 2.4 63 3.3 79 1 4.5
Minnesota 90 1 1.8 98 1 0.8 78 2.7 94 1 2.3
Mississippi 90 1 2.2 ǂ † 88 1 2.2 ǂ †
Missouri 88 1 1.7 97 1 1.7 90 1 1.7 ǂ †
Montana 64   3.5 87 1 4.0 68   2.8 ǂ   †
Nebraska 80 2.0 84 1 5.0 70 2.2 ǂ †
Nevada 90 1 1.8 99 1 0.3 83 1 2.4 94 1 1.8
New Hampshire 83 1 2.1 90 1 3.3 77 2.2 ǂ †
New Jersey 50   3.9 55   8.8 64   3.7 ǂ   †
New Mexico 72 2.9 82 1 2.4 66 2.4 80 1.8
New York 90 1 2.4 86 1 2.6 85 1 2.1 79 1 4.1
North Carolina 84 1 2.0 96 1 1.1 85 1 2.2 91 1 2.7
North Dakota 58 2.4 64 4.7 48 2.8 40 5.4
Ohio 59 3.9 83 1 5.7 62 3.4 73 6.6
Oklahoma 74   2.9 80 1 5.3 75   2.7 76 1 6.5
Oregon 84 1 1.8 95 1 1.2 85 1 1.9 94 1 2.0
Pennsylvania 85 1 1.9 74 4.9 84 1 2.5 66 10.1
Rhode Island 88 1 1.6 91 1 2.6 95 1 0.8 88 1 3.3
South Carolina 82 1 3.0 91 1 2.4 57   3.8 80 1 5.6
South Dakota 82 1 1.6 87 1 3.1 74 2.5 71 5.1
Tennessee 50 4.1 82 1 3.5 47 4.3 ǂ †
Texas 48 3.8 75 2.7 53 3.6 80 1 3.7
Utah 72 3.5 85 1 3.0 70 3.0 75 4.7
Vermont 86 1 1.9 92 1 3.3 85 1 1.8 ǂ †
Virginia 81 1 2.5 92 1 1.9 77   3.0 78   3.9
Washington 82 1 2.3 94 1 1.1 86 1 1.7 88 1 2.9
West Virginia 90 1 1.4 ǂ † 89 1 1.8 ǂ †
Wisconsin 88 1 1.4 95 1 1.7 86 1 1.8 92 1 2.5
Wyoming 89 1 1.4 91 1 2.4 88 1 1.9 ǂ   †
Other jurisdictions                        
     District of Columbia 83 1 2.2 88 1 2.2 87 1 1.6 83 1 2.9
     DoDEA2 55   2.3 69   3.4 72   3.8 75   4.8
† Not applicable. Standard error estimate cannot be accurately determined.
‡ Reporting standards not met. Sample size insufficient to permit a reliable estimate.
1 The state/jurisdiction’s inclusion rate is higher than or not significantly different from the National Assessment Governing Board’s goal of 85 percent.
2 Department of Defense Education Activity (overseas and domestic schools).
NOTE: The percentage of SD does not include students classified under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. S.E. = Standard error. The national results include both public and nonpublic school students. The national (public) and state/jurisdiction results include public school students only.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2011 Reading Assessment.