Average scale scores and percentages for grade 8 mathematics, by race/ethnicity used to report trends, school-reported and jurisdiction: 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005, and 2003
Year
Jurisdiction
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian/Pacific Islander
American Indian/Alaska Native
Two or more races
Average scale score
Standard Error
Percentage
Standard Error
Average scale score
Standard Error
Percentage
Standard Error
Average scale score
Standard Error
Percentage
Standard Error
Average scale score
Standard Error
Percentage
Standard Error
Average scale score
Standard Error
Percentage
Standard Error
Average scale score
Standard Error
Percentage
Standard Error
— Not available.
† Not applicable.
# Rounds to zero.
‡ Reporting standards not met.
NOTE: Black includes African American, Hispanic includes Latino, and Pacific Islander includes Native Hawaiian. Race categories exclude Hispanic origin. Prior to 2011, students in the “two or more races” category were categorized as “unclassified”. DCPS = District of Columbia Public Schools. The NAEP Mathematics scale ranges from 0 to 500. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some apparent differences between estimates may not be
statistically significant
. Analyze
results
with NAEP Data Explorer.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011 Mathematics Assessments.
2011
National public
293
(0.2)
54
(0.3)
262
(0.5)
16
(0.3)
269
(0.5)
23
(0.3)
302
(1.0)
6
(0.2)
266
(1.0)
1
(0.0)
286
(1.3)
2
(0.0)
2011
Large city
295
(1.1)
20
(0.5)
261
(0.9)
26
(0.8)
267
(1.0)
43
(1.1)
296
(2.3)
8
(0.4)
268
(4.6)
1
(0.1)
291
(2.1)
1
(0.1)
2011
Albuquerque
291
(2.3)
25
(0.8)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
269
(1.2)
66
(0.9)
‡
(†)
2
(0.3)
‡
(†)
3
(0.3)
‡
(†)
3
(0.3)
2011
Atlanta
309
(2.8)
8
(0.5)
262
(1.4)
86
(0.6)
264
(3.5)
5
(0.4)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
2011
Austin
313
(1.8)
27
(0.7)
265
(5.3)
9
(0.5)
276
(1.7)
59
(0.8)
‡
(†)
4
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
2011
Baltimore City
280
(4.0)
11
(1.2)
259
(1.5)
84
(1.3)
‡
(†)
3
(0.5)
‡
(†)
1
(0.4)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
2011
Boston
305
(3.1)
15
(0.7)
272
(1.6)
37
(0.9)
271
(1.6)
36
(0.9)
319
(3.6)
11
(0.7)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
2011
Charlotte
311
(1.3)
33
(0.8)
268
(1.2)
44
(0.9)
272
(2.6)
15
(0.7)
304
(6.4)
5
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
3
(0.4)
2011
Chicago
296
(4.3)
9
(1.2)
260
(1.4)
43
(2.5)
271
(1.4)
41
(2.5)
296
(3.2)
6
(1.7)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2011
Cleveland
277
(3.4)
17
(1.2)
249
(2.1)
66
(1.5)
258
(4.4)
13
(1.0)
‡
(†)
2
(0.5)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
2
(0.4)
2011
Dallas
306
(4.5)
5
(0.5)
264
(2.2)
26
(0.8)
276
(1.1)
68
(0.8)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2011
Detroit
‡
(†)
2
(0.3)
244
(1.4)
87
(0.4)
258
(2.8)
10
(0.3)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2011
District of Columbia (DCPS)
322
(3.0)
6
(0.4)
249
(1.2)
78
(0.7)
253
(2.8)
12
(0.6)
‡
(†)
2
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
2011
Fresno
281
(2.6)
12
(0.6)
243
(2.6)
11
(0.6)
251
(1.2)
61
(0.8)
264
(2.9)
14
(0.5)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
2011
Hillsborough County (FL)
293
(2.1)
43
(1.8)
263
(1.9)
19
(1.5)
274
(2.4)
31
(1.4)
‡
(†)
3
(0.4)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
3
(0.3)
2011
Houston
309
(3.0)
7
(0.4)
271
(1.9)
27
(0.6)
278
(1.1)
62
(0.7)
309
(5.0)
3
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
2011
Jefferson County (KY)
285
(1.5)
54
(0.8)
257
(1.4)
37
(0.8)
270
(4.5)
5
(0.4)
‡
(†)
3
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
2
(0.4)
2011
Los Angeles
291
(4.6)
9
(0.7)
246
(3.9)
9
(0.5)
255
(1.3)
74
(1.0)
295
(4.0)
8
(0.4)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2011
Miami-Dade
288
(3.1)
9
(0.5)
256
(2.2)
22
(1.3)
274
(1.0)
67
(1.3)
‡
(†)
2
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
2011
Milwaukee
274
(4.2)
12
(0.8)
246
(1.8)
57
(1.9)
259
(3.3)
23
(1.7)
271
(5.6)
7
(1.7)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2011
New York City
292
(3.2)
14
(1.5)
262
(2.1)
30
(1.9)
261
(1.6)
41
(1.7)
304
(3.2)
15
(1.2)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
2011
Philadelphia
281
(3.9)
13
(1.4)
260
(2.3)
56
(2.5)
256
(3.1)
21
(1.9)
295
(5.4)
9
(1.5)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
2
(0.4)
2011
San Diego
302
(2.3)
24
(1.2)
256
(4.0)
11
(1.0)
263
(2.6)
42
(1.5)
293
(3.2)
19
(1.2)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
3
(0.3)
2009
National public
292
(0.2)
56
(0.5)
260
(0.4)
16
(0.2)
266
(0.6)
21
(0.4)
300
(1.3)
5
(0.2)
267
(1.1)
1
(0.0)
283
(1.6)
1
(0.0)
2009
Large city
294
(1.1)
21
(0.8)
256
(0.8)
27
(0.9)
264
(1.2)
42
(1.0)
299
(1.8)
8
(0.3)
271
(4.9)
1
(0.1)
280
(3.9)
1
(0.1)
2009
Albuquerque
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2009
Atlanta
‡
(†)
7
(0.5)
255
(1.5)
88
(0.5)
‡
(†)
4
(0.4)
‡
(†)
#
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
2009
Austin
312
(1.8)
31
(0.6)
274
(3.4)
11
(0.4)
274
(1.2)
55
(0.6)
‡
(†)
3
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2009
Baltimore City
‡
(†)
6
(1.1)
255
(1.6)
91
(1.5)
‡
(†)
2
(0.7)
‡
(†)
1
(0.5)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2009
Boston
311
(2.5)
14
(0.5)
268
(2.0)
40
(0.9)
269
(1.9)
33
(0.9)
312
(3.9)
11
(0.6)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
2009
Charlotte
304
(1.4)
32
(0.6)
270
(1.4)
46
(0.7)
272
(2.5)
15
(0.5)
‡
(†)
4
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
3
(0.3)
2009
Chicago
289
(3.8)
9
(1.7)
252
(1.9)
48
(2.7)
268
(1.6)
40
(2.5)
301
(3.8)
3
(0.8)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2009
Cleveland
275
(2.7)
15
(0.7)
252
(1.1)
71
(0.7)
250
(5.4)
12
(0.6)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(0.0)
‡
(†)
2
(0.3)
2009
Dallas
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2009
Detroit
‡
(†)
2
(0.7)
237
(2.9)
89
(3.2)
255
(5.8)
8
(2.8)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2009
District of Columbia (DCPS)
‡
(†)
5
(0.5)
244
(1.3)
82
(0.8)
263
(5.2)
11
(0.7)
‡
(†)
2
(0.5)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2009
Fresno
282
(3.8)
14
(0.5)
246
(3.6)
11
(0.5)
253
(1.4)
58
(0.7)
266
(2.9)
16
(0.5)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2009
Hillsborough County (FL)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2009
Houston
311
(2.8)
8
(0.5)
266
(1.9)
29
(0.7)
275
(1.0)
60
(0.8)
‡
(†)
3
(0.5)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2009
Jefferson County (KY)
284
(1.1)
55
(0.6)
252
(1.4)
36
(0.7)
‡
(†)
4
(0.3)
‡
(†)
3
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(0.0)
‡
(†)
2
(0.2)
2009
Los Angeles
287
(3.4)
8
(0.7)
247
(3.2)
10
(1.0)
254
(0.9)
75
(1.2)
291
(3.8)
7
(0.7)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2009
Miami-Dade
291
(2.5)
10
(0.7)
260
(2.7)
22
(1.3)
274
(1.2)
65
(1.3)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
2009
Milwaukee
271
(4.6)
11
(1.4)
244
(1.6)
62
(2.1)
256
(3.5)
20
(1.7)
‡
(†)
4
(0.8)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
‡
(†)
3
(0.4)
2009
New York City
295
(3.0)
16
(2.0)
261
(1.9)
32
(2.3)
261
(2.1)
39
(1.9)
309
(2.7)
14
(1.2)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
2009
Philadelphia
284
(3.9)
16
(2.2)
256
(1.7)
57
(2.0)
258
(3.1)
18
(2.3)
295
(5.0)
8
(1.4)
‡
(†)
#
(0.0)
‡
(†)
1
(0.4)
2009
San Diego
301
(2.6)
28
(1.8)
263
(4.3)
12
(0.9)
265
(2.0)
41
(1.4)
292
(3.0)
18
(0.7)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2007
National public
290
(0.2)
58
(0.3)
259
(0.4)
17
(0.3)
264
(0.4)
19
(0.3)
296
(0.9)
5
(0.1)
265
(0.9)
1
(0.0)
282
(1.7)
1
(0.0)
2007
Large city
292
(1.1)
23
(0.8)
254
(0.9)
30
(1.2)
261
(0.9)
38
(1.2)
291
(2.1)
8
(0.5)
273
(2.9)
1
(0.1)
280
(5.0)
1
(0.1)
2007
Albuquerque
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2007
Atlanta
‡
(†)
4
(0.6)
253
(1.4)
91
(0.7)
‡
(†)
3
(0.6)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
2007
Austin
308
(2.0)
31
(0.9)
265
(2.2)
13
(0.8)
271
(1.4)
53
(1.0)
‡
(†)
2
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2007
Baltimore City
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2007
Boston
305
(3.0)
17
(0.9)
263
(1.7)
42
(1.3)
270
(2.0)
30
(1.1)
305
(2.7)
10
(0.8)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
2007
Charlotte
308
(1.6)
34
(1.3)
267
(1.4)
47
(1.4)
264
(3.1)
12
(0.9)
305
(6.0)
5
(0.6)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
2
(0.4)
2007
Chicago
287
(3.6)
11
(1.9)
248
(2.5)
47
(2.9)
265
(1.9)
39
(2.5)
‡
(†)
3
(0.7)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2007
Cleveland
269
(2.5)
15
(1.0)
253
(1.8)
74
(1.1)
258
(4.1)
10
(0.7)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
2007
Dallas
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2007
Detroit
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2007
District of Columbia (DCPS)
‡
(†)
3
(0.3)
245
(0.9)
88
(0.7)
251
(3.0)
9
(0.6)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(0.0)
2007
Fresno
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2007
Hillsborough County (FL)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2007
Houston
308
(3.6)
9
(0.7)
265
(1.5)
29
(0.9)
270
(1.1)
58
(1.3)
310
(8.9)
3
(0.7)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2007
Jefferson County (KY)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2007
Los Angeles
285
(3.7)
8
(0.6)
245
(2.4)
11
(1.3)
253
(1.2)
74
(1.2)
292
(2.8)
7
(0.7)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2007
Miami-Dade
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2007
Milwaukee
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2007
New York City
289
(4.0)
15
(2.2)
258
(2.2)
33
(2.5)
262
(2.5)
38
(2.0)
299
(3.7)
13
(1.3)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
2007
Philadelphia
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2007
San Diego
294
(2.3)
23
(1.4)
258
(3.2)
13
(0.8)
259
(2.1)
46
(1.5)
289
(2.5)
17
(1.0)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2005
National public
288
(0.2)
60
(0.3)
254
(0.4)
17
(0.2)
261
(0.4)
17
(0.2)
294
(1.0)
5
(0.1)
266
(1.0)
1
(0.0)
278
(1.9)
1
(0.0)
2005
Large city
288
(1.0)
24
(0.7)
250
(0.8)
32
(0.8)
258
(0.7)
36
(0.8)
289
(1.9)
8
(0.4)
269
(3.0)
1
(0.1)
276
(4.2)
1
(0.1)
2005
Albuquerque
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2005
Atlanta
‡
(†)
5
(0.6)
242
(1.6)
92
(0.8)
‡
(†)
2
(0.5)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
2005
Austin
305
(2.4)
33
(1.2)
262
(3.7)
13
(0.8)
267
(1.7)
51
(1.2)
‡
(†)
3
(0.5)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2005
Baltimore City
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2005
Boston
299
(3.3)
16
(0.9)
256
(2.0)
45
(1.4)
261
(2.0)
28
(1.2)
309
(3.6)
11
(0.9)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
2005
Charlotte
304
(1.7)
38
(1.1)
264
(1.2)
48
(1.3)
262
(3.5)
9
(0.7)
‡
(†)
4
(0.5)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
2005
Chicago
281
(3.3)
12
(1.7)
245
(2.0)
45
(2.2)
263
(1.5)
38
(2.5)
292
(5.1)
4
(1.1)
‡
(†)
#
(0.0)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2005
Cleveland
265
(3.8)
18
(2.0)
244
(1.8)
70
(1.9)
251
(4.4)
10
(0.9)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
2005
Dallas
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2005
Detroit
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2005
District of Columbia (DCPS)
317
(4.2)
4
(0.3)
241
(1.0)
88
(0.6)
252
(3.0)
7
(0.5)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2005
Fresno
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2005
Hillsborough County (FL)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2005
Houston
294
(3.4)
10
(0.7)
257
(1.6)
28
(1.1)
265
(1.2)
58
(1.3)
299
(4.1)
4
(0.4)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2005
Jefferson County (KY)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2005
Los Angeles
280
(3.2)
9
(0.9)
239
(4.2)
13
(1.1)
245
(1.1)
72
(1.2)
291
(3.0)
6
(0.6)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2005
Miami-Dade
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2005
Milwaukee
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2005
New York City
286
(3.8)
15
(1.8)
257
(2.6)
35
(2.2)
259
(1.8)
38
(2.3)
295
(4.5)
13
(1.4)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2005
Philadelphia
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2005
San Diego
292
(2.3)
26
(1.5)
253
(2.8)
15
(1.0)
258
(2.1)
41
(1.5)
282
(2.4)
17
(1.1)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2003
National public
287
(0.3)
62
(0.4)
252
(0.5)
17
(0.3)
258
(0.6)
15
(0.3)
289
(1.3)
4
(0.2)
265
(1.2)
1
(0.1)
276
(2.2)
1
(0.0)
2003
Large city
285
(0.9)
24
(0.8)
247
(1.1)
35
(1.0)
256
(1.0)
33
(0.9)
281
(2.1)
8
(0.5)
265
(5.1)
1
(0.1)
269
(6.6)
#
(0.1)
2003
Albuquerque
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2003
Atlanta
298
(5.8)
5
(0.7)
241
(0.9)
93
(0.7)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
2003
Austin
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2003
Baltimore City
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2003
Boston
289
(3.1)
16
(1.0)
251
(1.4)
46
(1.3)
252
(2.0)
28
(1.1)
300
(4.0)
9
(0.8)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2003
Charlotte
301
(1.5)
42
(1.4)
258
(1.6)
46
(1.4)
262
(5.0)
6
(0.6)
293
(4.9)
5
(0.6)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
2003
Chicago
276
(4.4)
10
(1.7)
245
(1.9)
51
(2.5)
259
(2.0)
36
(2.9)
286
(4.2)
4
(1.1)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2003
Cleveland
269
(2.6)
15
(0.9)
249
(1.9)
72
(1.3)
249
(3.9)
11
(1.0)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
1
(0.3)
2003
Dallas
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2003
Detroit
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2003
District of Columbia (DCPS)
‡
(†)
3
(0.3)
240
(0.8)
87
(0.7)
246
(3.2)
9
(0.6)
‡
(†)
1
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
‡
(†)
#
(0.1)
2003
Fresno
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2003
Hillsborough County (FL)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2003
Houston
293
(3.0)
8
(0.7)
259
(1.4)
33
(1.1)
261
(1.4)
55
(1.1)
‡
(†)
3
(0.4)
‡
(†)
#
(0.0)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2003
Jefferson County (KY)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2003
Los Angeles
277
(4.7)
10
(0.8)
234
(3.4)
12
(1.5)
240
(1.1)
71
(1.8)
275
(3.7)
7
(0.8)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2003
Miami-Dade
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2003
Milwaukee
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2003
New York City
289
(2.7)
16
(1.5)
253
(2.4)
36
(2.3)
260
(3.0)
34
(2.2)
286
(4.3)
14
(1.5)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)
2003
Philadelphia
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
—
(†)
2003
San Diego
284
(2.0)
27
(1.1)
252
(2.7)
16
(1.1)
248
(1.6)
38
(1.3)
278
(2.2)
19
(1.1)
‡
(†)
#
(0.2)
‡
(†)
#
(†)